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Super Mario 3D - Preview


Nintendo has proved itself a practised turntablist when it comes to remixing Mario. Against a steady backbeat of platforming, Mario games have blended in samples from the series' past, twisting and warping them to create a new and often quite intoxicating mix. The Galaxy games remain some of the headiest concoctions of this generation, yet deep within, it's those same staple ingredients that have been present since the series' dawn.

Super Mario 3D (a working title), the game that left a gaping hole in the 3DS's launch line-up earlier this year and that was given its reveal proper at E3, is the latest blend. It is, once again, a reworking of old favourites presented in a new light, from different angles and with fresh vigour.

Its approach can best be summed up in its perspective, a fixed camera that sits somewhere between the dynamism of Galaxy and the strictly side-on view of New Super Mario Bros. and its Wii sequel. Given that it's the Galaxy team at the controls, it never quite manages to stay still; dropping into a Warp Pipe will segue into a single-screen isometric puzzle, and while some levels will be played side-on, others see Mario running into the screen, Crash Bandicoot style.

And given that it's the Galaxy team, Super Mario 3D seems to revel in showering the player with novelty. Although it's absent in the playable version on E3's show floor, a behind closed doors demo sees the game adopt a top-down view for a brief yet perfectly pitched tribute to Zelda, with a Flower Mario tossing fireballs into a room's four corners in a simple puzzle. It's the kind of throwaway inventiveness that has marked out the Galaxy games, and it's delightful to see that while the camera's been tamed, the creativity hasn't.
Zelda's not the only game from Nintendo's annals to have left its mark on Super Mario 3D, and the game's biggest influence is perhaps its most welcome. Super Mario Bros. 3 leaves an aggressive mark, told not only through the wagging Tanooki tail of Super Mario 3D's logo but also tiny details throughout the four levels that make up the E3 demo. There are end-of-level flagpoles, Jump Blocks marked with musical notes and floating airships riddled with Bullet Bills to navigate. Meanwhile, Boom Boom, the one boss on display, is another refugee from the NES classic.

Then there's that Tanooki Suit itself. Obtained by grabbing a Super Leaf, its powers have been tempered by time and the leap into three dimensions. Keeping the jump button pressed after a leap sees the tail shake wildly, leaving Mario to glide through the air as his downward descent is slowed. There's no longer the ability to turn into a statue, and more crushingly, there's no longer the ability to fly.

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Computer and video game genres

Due to a general lack of commonly agreed-upon genres or criteria for the definition of genres, classification of games are not always consistent or systematic and sometimes outright arbitrary between sources.

Action games are perhaps the most basic of gaming genres, and certainly one of the broadest.

Action-adventure games focus on exploration, and usually involve item gathering, simple puzzle solving, and combat.

Computer role-playing games (CRPGs or simply RPGs) often place the player in a fantasy or science fiction setting and drive the gameplay via a prominent storyline

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Garnet - the birthstone for January

Garnet is a naturally occurring gemstone with vital power and energy, and lends vitality and strength. It aids in raising and directing the flow of kundalini energy and increases sensuality, as it is associated with the root chakra. Given as a gift, garnet symbolizes true and never-ending love and devotion. Garnet invokes and releases one’s creative ability and inner fire. The garnet is a symbol of friendship, love and devotion. It was believed throughout the ages that garnets bring luck in love and friendship and keep enemies away from their owners. It is found in Africa, Brazil, Canada, India, Madagascar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and the USA. The Garnet is the birthstone for zodiac sign of Capricorn.

Amethyst - the birthstone for February

Amethyst is a form of quartz. It is one of the best stones to use for meditation. It guides the awareness away from self-centered thought patterns as it lures the mind towards a deeper understanding. Because of its calming mental effect, amethyst is a stone that can be used for over-worked, over-stressed, or over-whelmed mental states offering protection to those who wear it. It is one of the best stones to use for tension or migraine headaches. It is good for people who tend to be easily angered or suffer from recurrent nightmares and brings a peaceful balance of mental and emotional energies. A good stone for insomnia and intuitive awareness. Amethyst is found in Africa, Australia, Russia, South America, Brazil, Uruguay. Amethyst is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Aquarius.

Aquamarine - the birthstone for March

Aquamarine is a member of the Beryl family of stones. Meaning -"sea water," it's not hard to figure out that it derives this name due to its color being similar to that of the ocean. The color ranges from very light to medium light blue, frequently with a light touch of green. The most desired color is the deeper shade of blue. Aquamarine is very durable and well suited for jewellery. It is often considered to have a soothing influence on married couples and its power to help husbands and wives work out their differences, makes it a good anniversary gift. A dream of aquamarine means that you will meet new friends. Aquamarine is found in Brazil, Africa and in all other continents. Aquamarine is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Pisces.

Diamond (Hira) - the birthstone for April

Diamond, often called the King of Gems, is a woman's most favourite accessory and a man's emblem of power. It signifies purity and innocence and has always been associated with strength and good luck. It gives calm sleep and takes away nightmares. It can help you achieve material wealth and prestige. It is considered to be the most powerful when combined with other gemstones. The first wearers of diamonds were the Princes of India seeking magical protection and to display their power and wealth. Early Egyptians believed that the vana amoris, a.k.a. the vein of love, ran directly from the heart to the third finger on the left hand, which is why women wear their diamond rings on their the third finger to this day. Diamonds are found in India, Brazil, Russia, Australia and South Africa. Diamond is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Aries.

Emerald (Marakatam) - the birthstone for May

Emerald is a gemstone from the Beryl family of stones having a stunning green color symbolizing serenity, success in love, wealth, happiness and peace of mind. It is a precious jewellery gem that promotes creativity and perception and also acts as a natural tranquilizer when you are worried or your mind is troubled. It Improves the memory, helps insomnia, strengthens the immune system, helps with eyesight, restores youth, aids neurological diseases, and heals ear problems. Emeralds are found in Colombia and are occasionally obtained from Brazil and Zambia in yellow-green, grey-green and spinach green varieties. Emerald is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Taurus.

Pearl (Mukta) - the birthstone for June

Pearl, often referred to as the "Queen of Gems," is a classic piece of jewellery. It is formed in shellfish as a reactant to an irritant such as a piece of sand. Cultured pearls are created by adding a piece of mussel or shell inside an oyster, which then creates a pearl as layers inside the shell grow over the alien substance. The prices of pearls vary widely as a result of luster, size, color, type and how they were cultured. Natural pearls are the most expensive, followed by cultured pearls with Fresh water pearls relatively less expensive. Pearls are said to help in self discovery and improve self-worth. Natural pearls are considered to be one of the nicest gifts you can give to your loved ones. It allows the wearer to see the love of the person who gave them the pearls. The Pearl is an emblem of modesty, chastity and purity, symbolizing love, success, and happiness and in many countries is used as a wedding gift. Pearls were once thought to be the tears of God. Natural Pearls have been harvested from the Red Sea, Gulf of Mannar, and the Persian Gulf. The coasts of Australia and Polynesia produce mostly cultured pearls whereas Fresh water pearls occur in many rivers in countries such as Austria, France, Scotland, Ireland, India and USA. The Pearl is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Gemini.

Ruby (Manikya) - the birthstone for July

A Ruby, considered to be one of the most precious jewellery and perfect gemstones, is actually a Sapphire with trace amounts of chromium giving the Ruby its bright red color. It symbolizes the sun, freedom and power. It is well suited for all jewellery applications as it is an extremely hard and durable gemstone. Top quality Rubies are highly prized, and in larger sizes are frequently valued above all other gemstones, including Diamonds. It increases energy levels and will stimulate love if worn close to the heart. It protects sensitive natures, health and wealth, controls passion, stimulates blood circulation, gives calm sleep and takes away nightmares. In the ancient language of Sanskrit, the Ruby is called “Ratnaraj,” or king of precious jewellery stones. Rubies are found in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Burma and Cambodia. Ruby is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Cancer.

Peridot - the birthstone for August

Peridot is a green gemstone that is as popular today as it was in the past. It is considered to have the power to drive away evil spirits and that power was even more intense when the stone is set in gold. They are receptive and promote protection, health, wealth and sleep. Peridot is worn or carried for general healing purposes. Its deep green hue suggests its use in wealth - attracting spells. Peridot is found in Burma, Pakistan, China and USA. Peridot is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Leo.

Sapphire (Nilam) - the birthstone for September

Sapphire is the Gem of Destiny. It is extremely hard, durable and is considered very valuable. It will bring out the best within you and help make your dreams come true. It has always been associated with luck in romance and is said to bring peace and happiness. It relieves mental depression and stimulates motivation and goal orientation. This stone will help you with the heart and stomach, stimulating the pituitary glands, strengthening the eyes, reducing fever, and nose bleeds. Sapphires are found in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia, Burma, Vietnam, Madagascar and Africa. Sapphire is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Virgo.

Opal - the birthstone for October

The Opal, Eve of the Gods, is a stone of hopes, love and romance and a stone to grant wishes and personal happiness positive actions and achievements. It is a mysterious gem, as each one appears different in its delicate beauty. It has always been one of the most popular and esteemed gems, known to absorb, carry and pass enormous amounts of energy. The Opal is not a particularly hard stone, so care must be taken to preserve the natural beauty of this gem. Beautiful Opals have featured in many of the Crown Jewels of Europe and they remain popular with heads of state and the rich and famous. Opal is found in Western USA, Mexico, Australia, North, Central and South America and Indonesia. The Opal is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Libra.

Topaz - the birthstone for Nov

Topaz is a stone that can be readily available in a variety of colors, with the popular ones being white and blue. Being very hard, it is well suited for all jewellery applications. It controls anger, balances diseases of emotional origin, calms stress, restores physical energies and also enhances creative power. It will bring light and warmth into your life and protect against external stress. Topaz is available in Africa, Asia, Mexico, Russia, South America and USA. Topaz is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Scorpio.

Zircon - the birthstone for December

Zircon is considered to be a very brilliant stone because of its high refractive index. It is also very hard and well suited for a wide range of jewellery uses. An important identification mark for all Zircons, (except the green) is a strong double refraction easily seen under the loupe at the facet edges. Blue and Green are the most desirable Zircons. Zircon is said to aid sleep, bring prosperity, and promote honor and wisdom for its owner. It can be used as an amulet for travelers. It brings the wearer financial success and protection from being struck by lightning. In the symbolic Kalpa Tree of the Hindu religion, Green Zircon represents the tree’s foliage. Zircon is found in Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar and Australia and is one the birthstones for the zodiac sign of Capricorn, with the other one being Turquoise.

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Garnet - the birthstone for January

Garnet is a naturally occurring gemstone with vital power and energy, and lends vitality and strength. It aids in raising and directing the flow of kundalini energy and increases sensuality, as it is associated with the root chakra. Given as a gift, garnet symbolizes true and never-ending love and devotion. Garnet invokes and releases one’s creative ability and inner fire. The garnet is a symbol of friendship, love and devotion. It was believed throughout the ages that garnets bring luck in love and friendship and keep enemies away from their owners. It is found in Africa, Brazil, Canada, India, Madagascar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and the USA. The Garnet is the birthstone for zodiac sign of Capricorn.

Amethyst - the birthstone for February

Amethyst is a form of quartz. It is one of the best stones to use for meditation. It guides the awareness away from self-centered thought patterns as it lures the mind towards a deeper understanding. Because of its calming mental effect, amethyst is a stone that can be used for over-worked, over-stressed, or over-whelmed mental states offering protection to those who wear it. It is one of the best stones to use for tension or migraine headaches. It is good for people who tend to be easily angered or suffer from recurrent nightmares and brings a peaceful balance of mental and emotional energies. A good stone for insomnia and intuitive awareness. Amethyst is found in Africa, Australia, Russia, South America, Brazil, Uruguay. Amethyst is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Aquarius.

Aquamarine - the birthstone for March

Aquamarine is a member of the Beryl family of stones. Meaning -"sea water," it's not hard to figure out that it derives this name due to its color being similar to that of the ocean. The color ranges from very light to medium light blue, frequently with a light touch of green. The most desired color is the deeper shade of blue. Aquamarine is very durable and well suited for jewellery. It is often considered to have a soothing influence on married couples and its power to help husbands and wives work out their differences, makes it a good anniversary gift. A dream of aquamarine means that you will meet new friends. Aquamarine is found in Brazil, Africa and in all other continents. Aquamarine is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Pisces.

Diamond (Hira) - the birthstone for April

Diamond, often called the King of Gems, is a woman's most favourite accessory and a man's emblem of power. It signifies purity and innocence and has always been associated with strength and good luck. It gives calm sleep and takes away nightmares. It can help you achieve material wealth and prestige. It is considered to be the most powerful when combined with other gemstones. The first wearers of diamonds were the Princes of India seeking magical protection and to display their power and wealth. Early Egyptians believed that the vana amoris, a.k.a. the vein of love, ran directly from the heart to the third finger on the left hand, which is why women wear their diamond rings on their the third finger to this day. Diamonds are found in India, Brazil, Russia, Australia and South Africa. Diamond is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Aries.

Emerald (Marakatam) - the birthstone for May

Emerald is a gemstone from the Beryl family of stones having a stunning green color symbolizing serenity, success in love, wealth, happiness and peace of mind. It is a precious jewellery gem that promotes creativity and perception and also acts as a natural tranquilizer when you are worried or your mind is troubled. It Improves the memory, helps insomnia, strengthens the immune system, helps with eyesight, restores youth, aids neurological diseases, and heals ear problems. Emeralds are found in Colombia and are occasionally obtained from Brazil and Zambia in yellow-green, grey-green and spinach green varieties. Emerald is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Taurus.

Pearl (Mukta) - the birthstone for June

Pearl, often referred to as the "Queen of Gems," is a classic piece of jewellery. It is formed in shellfish as a reactant to an irritant such as a piece of sand. Cultured pearls are created by adding a piece of mussel or shell inside an oyster, which then creates a pearl as layers inside the shell grow over the alien substance. The prices of pearls vary widely as a result of luster, size, color, type and how they were cultured. Natural pearls are the most expensive, followed by cultured pearls with Fresh water pearls relatively less expensive. Pearls are said to help in self discovery and improve self-worth. Natural pearls are considered to be one of the nicest gifts you can give to your loved ones. It allows the wearer to see the love of the person who gave them the pearls. The Pearl is an emblem of modesty, chastity and purity, symbolizing love, success, and happiness and in many countries is used as a wedding gift. Pearls were once thought to be the tears of God. Natural Pearls have been harvested from the Red Sea, Gulf of Mannar, and the Persian Gulf. The coasts of Australia and Polynesia produce mostly cultured pearls whereas Fresh water pearls occur in many rivers in countries such as Austria, France, Scotland, Ireland, India and USA. The Pearl is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Gemini.

Ruby (Manikya) - the birthstone for July

A Ruby, considered to be one of the most precious jewellery and perfect gemstones, is actually a Sapphire with trace amounts of chromium giving the Ruby its bright red color. It symbolizes the sun, freedom and power. It is well suited for all jewellery applications as it is an extremely hard and durable gemstone. Top quality Rubies are highly prized, and in larger sizes are frequently valued above all other gemstones, including Diamonds. It increases energy levels and will stimulate love if worn close to the heart. It protects sensitive natures, health and wealth, controls passion, stimulates blood circulation, gives calm sleep and takes away nightmares. In the ancient language of Sanskrit, the Ruby is called “Ratnaraj,” or king of precious jewellery stones. Rubies are found in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Burma and Cambodia. Ruby is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Cancer.

Peridot - the birthstone for August

Peridot is a green gemstone that is as popular today as it was in the past. It is considered to have the power to drive away evil spirits and that power was even more intense when the stone is set in gold. They are receptive and promote protection, health, wealth and sleep. Peridot is worn or carried for general healing purposes. Its deep green hue suggests its use in wealth - attracting spells. Peridot is found in Burma, Pakistan, China and USA. Peridot is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Leo.

Sapphire (Nilam) - the birthstone for September

Sapphire is the Gem of Destiny. It is extremely hard, durable and is considered very valuable. It will bring out the best within you and help make your dreams come true. It has always been associated with luck in romance and is said to bring peace and happiness. It relieves mental depression and stimulates motivation and goal orientation. This stone will help you with the heart and stomach, stimulating the pituitary glands, strengthening the eyes, reducing fever, and nose bleeds. Sapphires are found in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia, Burma, Vietnam, Madagascar and Africa. Sapphire is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Virgo.

Opal - the birthstone for October

The Opal, Eve of the Gods, is a stone of hopes, love and romance and a stone to grant wishes and personal happiness positive actions and achievements. It is a mysterious gem, as each one appears different in its delicate beauty. It has always been one of the most popular and esteemed gems, known to absorb, carry and pass enormous amounts of energy. The Opal is not a particularly hard stone, so care must be taken to preserve the natural beauty of this gem. Beautiful Opals have featured in many of the Crown Jewels of Europe and they remain popular with heads of state and the rich and famous. Opal is found in Western USA, Mexico, Australia, North, Central and South America and Indonesia. The Opal is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Libra.

Topaz - the birthstone for Nov

Topaz is a stone that can be readily available in a variety of colors, with the popular ones being white and blue. Being very hard, it is well suited for all jewellery applications. It controls anger, balances diseases of emotional origin, calms stress, restores physical energies and also enhances creative power. It will bring light and warmth into your life and protect against external stress. Topaz is available in Africa, Asia, Mexico, Russia, South America and USA. Topaz is the birthstone for the zodiac sign of Scorpio.

Zircon - the birthstone for December

Zircon is considered to be a very brilliant stone because of its high refractive index. It is also very hard and well suited for a wide range of jewellery uses. An important identification mark for all Zircons, (except the green) is a strong double refraction easily seen under the loupe at the facet edges. Blue and Green are the most desirable Zircons. Zircon is said to aid sleep, bring prosperity, and promote honor and wisdom for its owner. It can be used as an amulet for travelers. It brings the wearer financial success and protection from being struck by lightning. In the symbolic Kalpa Tree of the Hindu religion, Green Zircon represents the tree’s foliage. Zircon is found in Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar and Australia and is one the birthstones for the zodiac sign of Capricorn, with the other one being Turquoise.

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Virtual Credit Card | Benefits | VCC facility

Virtual Credit Card – Virtual Credit Card (VCC) is a unique online payment solution with complete online security while shopping on the internet. It is one-time usable virtual credit/debit card with a preloaded amount and valid for a specified time period as required by the user. Virtual Credit Cards do not have a plastic existence and are created to be purely used online.sssss
Ajay is a 30 years old guy who is working for a MNC company. Due to his busy schedule Ajay seldom gets time to go and personally pay his mobile bill and other utility bills. Therefore he prefers paying all his bills online with his credit card. Ajay has been doing this for the last few months and finds paying bills through his credit card hassle free. Ajay has recently started doing lot of online shopping for things like buying books, apparels, consumer goods. One day he got an email from an unauthentic website mentioning that he will get 70% discount for online shopping on their website. Ajay does not check the authenticity of the website and gets excited and clicks on the link in the email and is redirected to the website. Ajay selects the purchase items of his choice and enters his credit card details like card number, expiry date and CVV number. Ajay is eagerly waiting for the delivery of his products. Little that he knew that if was a fraud website. The products never arrived. But when the credit card statement arrived Ajay got a shock of his life. His credit card statement showed additional transactions of Rs. 30,000 which he had never done.
Now why did such a tragedy happen to Ajay? The reason is very simple, his credit card details were misused by a fraudster for his own benefit.
Like Ajay we all use our credit cards and debit cards in lot of online transactions and are vulnerable to our card details being exposed online. So is there any way that Ajay and we can avoid such risk?
The answer to the above question is YES. This can be avoided by the use of virtual credit card facility (VCC) offered by some banks.
What is a Virtual Credit Card?
Virtual Credit Card (VCC) is a unique online payment solution with complete online security while shopping on the internet. It is one-time usable virtual credit/debit card with a preloaded amount and valid for a specified time period as required by the user. Virtual Credit Cards do not have a plastic existence and are created to be purely used online.
Many banks like HDFC Bank, Axis Bank, ICICI Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank and some other banks offer this facility to their credit card and debit card holders.
In this article we will discuss the VCC facility offered by HDFC Bank in detail. Lets us assume that Ajay is a credit card holder of HDFC Bank. Let us see how he can generate unlimited VCCs for making bill payments online.
He must log on to the homepage of HDFC Bank and select “NetSafe/ Verified by Visa / MasterCard SecureCode”. By selecting Netsafe option a pop up window will open where he can register his credit card with NetSafe. Registration is required only once at the time of generating the first VCC. For subsequent VCCs the user can login and start generating the VCC.
Once Ajay has registered he needs to login to his account. After login he will see the following screen giving the option to create a VCC. Ajay can create a VCC by entering the amount in the Limit and then select GO. This will generate a VCC which has a different card number, CVV and expiry date than the original card. These credentials can then be used to make online payment by Ajay. A VCC can be used for any online transaction on any website wherever the original card will be accepted. A VCC card will look as follows:
The above VCC can be used only one for a transaction not exceeding Rs. 1. Similar VCCs can be generated for different one time use amounts subject to the amount not exceeding the total unutilised limit of the card. Please note that in a VCC the 16 digit card number, CVV number and the expiry date are different from the original card number, original CVV number and the original expiry date on the card. So even if someone gets the details of your used VCC, still it will serve no purpose to that person as VCCs are valid only for one time use. Also VCCs are valid only for limited time of 1 day or 2 days or any other time specified by the card owner at the time of generating the VCC. If the VCC is not used within that time period then the VCC expires and the amount is added back to the balance of your original card.
Like Ajay you can use this virtual card number at any online merchant site and complete your shopping with security and ease. Also you may set a limit to the VCC for transacting online.
The VCC is not a normal credit card. Unlike credit card you will not be granted money on credit for online payments and neither can you put it in your pocket and walk for shopping as it is a virtual card. Infact it is very similar to a prepaid card where user needs to first generate the virtual card online and deposit fund into the card before it can be used for one time online purchase.
Another distinguishing feature of VCC is that it is issued anonymously (unlike credit/debit card which are usually issued in the name of individual account holder).
Key benefits
• Virtual credit card is for one time use only.
• VCC number should be normally used within 24 hour after generation of number.
• You can set your own limit for the VCC you generate subject to the unutilised limit on your actual credit card.
• You can use it on any merchant website that accepts Master Card / VISA payment cards.
• All purchases you make with VCC will appear on your statement, just like any other transaction.

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THE STORY OF CHOCOLATE

The story of chocolate, as far back as we know it, begins with the discovery of America. Until 1492, the Old World knew nothing at all about the delicious and stimulating flavor that was to become the favorite of millions. The Court of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella got its first look at the principal ingredient of chocolate when Columbus returned in triumph from America and laid before the Spanish throne a treasure trove of many strange and wonderful things. Among these were a few dark brown beans that looked like almonds and seemed most unpromising. They were cocoa beans, today's source of all our chocolate and cocoa. The King and Queen never dreamed how important cocoa beans could be, and it remained for Hernando Cortez, the great Spanish explorer, to grasp the commercial possibilities of the New World offerings.

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Daimonds In Avalible

For centuries diamonds have captured the hearts and minds of millions, including scientists. For most, the word diamond immediately relates to a brilliant gem, wealth, status and/or prosperity. For scientists, diamond is known as one of the strongest and most chemically inert material. The very word diamond is derived from the Greek word adamos, meaning the unconquerable. However, diamonds have been known to India even much before it derived this Greek nameThe story of diamonds transcends many cultures and eras and is about three billion years old, about two-thirds the age of earth. Hence, for some it is just a matter of pride to own an object as old as three billion years, and that which has seen the rise and fall of many civilizations and kingdoms!! However, the first gems of diamond were found in India as alluvial deposits only about 2800 years ago. When the first diamond stones were found, it was not particularly regarded for its brilliance. However, it was found to be extremely hard and impossible to break with known tools of that generation. It was also found to withstand attack of most chemicals, arising the curiosity and popular faith attributing these mysterical stones to manifestation of GOD with magical powers. The earliest known reference to diamond is in a Sanskrit manuscript, the Arthasastra (the lesson of profit) by Kautiliya, a minister to chandragupta of the mauryan dynasty in northern India, written about 2300 years ago [1]. Diamond has been referred to as Vajra or Indrayudha in sanskrit. Diamond's supreme hardness was recognized by Indians In a 6th century text on gems called ?Ratnapariksa? the hardness of diamond has been realized and quoted as "The gems and the metals that exist on earth are all scratched by the diamond: the diamond is not (scratched) by them. A noble substance scratches that which is noble and that which is not; the diamond scratches even the ruby. The diamond scratches all and is not scratched by any."
Posted by Hot World

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